The length function returns the number of characters within a provided string [[argument?]]:
BEGIN { print length("Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch") }
In traditional versions of awk, the optional parentheses enclosures can be omitted from the string [[argument?]]. However, this legacy form of syntax is deprecated and parentheses enclosures should always be used in current awk scripts.