AwkChannelWiki: exponent

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< == Warning!

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> ==Warning!

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< * Traditional [[awk]] implementations do not provide an exponent [[arithmetic]] operator. The [[doublestar]] symbol used here for [[arithmetic]] exponential operations is a [[gawkism]] and will not work in traditional [[awk]].
< ** The doublestar gawkism**
< * The [[doublestar]] gawkism acts as a dyadic exponent [[operator]]. It returns the [[value]] given as a left [[operand]] to the power of the right [[operand]]. The [[operand]]s can be [[floating poin]]t values, producing a [[floating point]] value:

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> *Traditional [[awk]] implementations do not provide an exponent [[arithmetic]] operator. The [[doublestar]] symbol used here for [[arithmetic]] exponential operations is a [[gawkism]] and will not work in traditional [[awk]].
> {{{
> }}}
> **The doublestar gawkism**
> *The [[doublestar]] gawkism acts as a dyadic exponent [[operator]]. It returns the [[value]] given as a left [[operand]] to the power of the right [[operand]]. The [[operand]]s can be [[floating poin]]t values, producing a [[floating point]] value:

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< ** Precedence**
< * The exponent operator gawkism has a higher [[precedence]] than all other [[arithmetic]] operators:

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> **Precedence**
> *The exponent operator gawkism has a higher [[precedence]] than all other [[arithmetic]] operators:

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< ** Exponent Combination Assignment Operator**

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> **Exponent Combination Assignment Operator**

Warning!

The use of gawkisms will prevent the script from running correctly on systems that use a traditional awk interpreter.

The doublestar exponent operator is not available in traditional implementations

Traditional awk implementations do not provide an exponent arithmetic operator. The [[doublestar?]] symbol used here for arithmetic exponential operations is a gawkism and will not work in traditional awk.

The doublestar gawkism

The [[doublestar?]] gawkism acts as a dyadic exponent operator. It returns the [[value?]] given as a left [[operand?]] to the power of the right [[operand?]]. The [[operand?]]s can be [[floating_poin?]]t values, producing a [[floating_point?]] value:

print (4 ** 3)    # 64 (4 to the power of 3)

Precedence

The exponent operator gawkism has a higher precedence than all other arithmetic operators:

print (2 * 4 ** 3)    # 128 the exponent has a higher precedence than multiplication

Exponent Combination Assignment Operator

The exponent [[combination_assignment_operator?]] gawkism represented by a [[starstarequals?]] trigraph, can also be used to perform an exponent calculation:

value **= 3    # value = value ** 3