== Limitations of awk Some traditional versions of [[awk]] derived from [[Unix]] version 7, may not conform to [[posix]] and may have the following operational limitations: === Whitespace is not allowed before the opening parenthesis in a user function call Do not leave white space before the opening parenthesis in a user function call. This is not allowed by [[posix]], and some versions of [[awk]] may reject this. === Programs containing only BEGIN actions may read and discard input It is a requirement of [[posix]] that if a program contains only [[BEGIN]] actions, and contains no instances of [[getline]], then the program should simply execute the actions without reading [[input]]. However, traditional [[awk]] implementations may read and discard input in this case. It may be necessary to redirect input from the [[null device]] to work around this problem: awk 'BEGIN {print "Hello world!"}' </dev/null
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